Method and apparatus for permanently waving hair



May 18, 1954 A. E. SCHNEEBELI 2,673,654

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR Filed April 30, 1952INVENTOR- 72 BY 'L Am (DH 304.5.

ATTORNEY Patented May 18, 1954 Y-QFFICE' LIETHOD AND APPARATUS FORPERMA- NENTLY WAVING HAIR Andre Ernest Schneebeli, Baltimore, Md.Application April 30, 1952, Serial No. 285,117

Claims.

The present invention relates to hair dressing. More particularly, thepresent invention relates to a method of permanently waving hair and themeans for holding the hair in place in accordance with the particulardesire of the user or hair dresser.

Prior to the instant invention, the heretofore known methods employed inpermanently waving hair, not only included the involved process ofcurling the hair and applying the necessary solutions to effect apermanent wave, but, furtherrnore, included the intricate steps offinally setting and then styling the hair in accordance with the wearersdesire. The final setting and styling of the hair was necessary sincethe curlers used in the curling process were not adapted for efiecting aparticular hair style, but were employed only for the purpose ofestablishing a wave in the hair.

The curlers used in the heretofore known permanent wave processes weregenerally of the type that comprised a mandrel or curling bar aboutwhich the strands of hair to be curled were wound. The hair was woundaround the mandrel and the mandrel then was locked in place on the headwith its axis disposed horizontally with respect to the scalp. The curlsresulting from the prior techniques which utilized these horizontallydisposed mandrels have been found objectionable since such curls have atendency to be kinky and thus are very difficult to work with in stylingthe hair.

It is an object of the instant invention to employ a novel method ofpermanently waving hair, wherein the curls are initially arranged inaccordance with the hair style desired.

It is another object of the present invention to teach the curling ofhair about a novel mandrel or curling device.

It is still another object to teach the provision of a novel curlingdevice which includes an arrangement for receiving and dispensing wavesetting solutions.

Other objects and the nature and advantages of the instant inventionwill be apparent from the folio-wing description taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a view in elevation of one form of a curling device inaccordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the curling mandrel shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 illustrates a group of hair strands being initially wound on thereduced portion of the mandrel shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. l illustrates the mandrel in Fig. 3 partially 2 wound with thestrands of hair filling the reduced Fig. 5 is a plan view of thecompletely wound mandrel illustrating the holding means therefor;

Fig. 6 is an eleva-tional view of a modified form of the presentinvention;

Fig. '7 is an elevational view illustrating another modification of thepresent invention;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the mandrel'shown in Fig. '7 when utilized fora clockwise curl; and

Fig. 9 is a plan View of the mandrel shown in Fig. 7 when utilized for acounter-clockwise curl.

The curling mandrel employed in the present invention is adapted to beutilized in curling the hair when a permanent set is required. Thepermanent wave technique contemplated for use with the present inventionis the cold wave process in which a wave setting material and aneutralizer are used in a manner to establish the permanent type wave.Although the curling mandrel described herein is adapted for use inpermanent waves, it is understood that it can be utilized wherever orwhenever curlers are employed.

Referring to the drawings, and particularly Figs. 1 and 2, one form ofthe present invention is shown comprising a curling bar or windingmandrel generally illustrated at [0. The mandrel H3 is formed generallycylindrical and includes an upper portion 12, an integral reducedintermediate neck portion l4, and a lower portion l6 integral with theneck portion M and having the same diameter as upper portion 12. Formedin the upper portion i2 is a chamber 20 which extends substantially tothe bottom thereof. As shown in Fig. 1, the chamber 20 converges into asmaller chamber 22 which extends to the bottom-most portion of thereduced intermediate portion 16. Communicating with the smaller chamber22 and formed in the intermediate portion i i are a plurality ofdispensing openings 24, the purpose of which will be hereinafterdescribed. Formed in the lowermost part of mandrel portion [6 areopenings 28, 30 which extend entirely through the portion l6 and aredisposed perpendicularly with respect to one another. Either of theopenings 28 or at is adapted to receive an elongated tapered pin 32(Fig. 5) Which secures the mandrel l0 vertically in position on the headafter the hair is sufficiently wound around the mandrel surface.

Formed on the upper portion 12 are flat gripping portions 34, 36 whichare adapted to be gripped by the users thumb and forefinger during thehair winding operation. The gripping portions 34, 36 are formed suchthat their flat sides are positioned on the surface of the mandrel tocorrespond to the relative position of the opening 30. It is apparent,therefore, that after the hair is wound on the mandrel the user, byobserving the position of the fiat portions 34, 36, can readily find theopening 28 or 30 for insertion of the holding pin 32 therein.

The type of curl produced by the present invention is of the spiral orpin type wherein a ringlet curl is effected. The pin curl as it isconventionally known, which is of the spiral type, is generally woundaround the finger and set in place with pins. However, the permanentwave resulting from this technique has not been found satisfactoryinasmuch as some tension on the hair is required in order to give thehair a lasting curl. It has been discovered that by reducing the mandrel[0 at the intermediate portion M, the hair can be tightly wound into aperfect pin curl.

Referring to Fig. 3, the mandrel I0 is shown in the initial step ofwinding a group of hair strands 40 on the intermediate portion M. Theouter ends of the group of hair strands 40 are somewhat thinner than theinner ends and are particularly adapted to be wound on the reducedportion I4. As the mandrel is wound in the direction of the arrow, thehair strands 40 fill the reduced portion l4 (Fig. 4), and gradually asthe hair is wound up it flattens out on the upper and lower portions l2and I6 until a more or less perfect pin curl is achieved.

Referring to Fig. 5, the hair strands 40 are shown completely wound onthe mandrel 10, which has been placed in a vertical position on thescalp and secured thereto by the pin 32 inserted through opening 28 or30.

The method employed in utilizing the mandrel l0, described hereinabovein the cold wave process of effecting permanent waves, is as follows:

Before the hair is wound on the mandrel It], a solution of thioglycolicacid is daubed on the hair in sufiicient quantities so as to give thehair wave setting characteristics. Each of the mandrels I0 is then woundwith a group of hair strands thereon and secured in a vertical positionon the head to effect the particular style of coifiure desired. Witheach of the mandrels disposed in the vertical position on the head, asecond solution of thioglycolic acid is injected into each of thechambers 20. Th solution then fiows from the chambers 20 into thesmaller chambers 22 and from there is expelled through the dispensingopenings 24 into the hair strands wound around the mandrels. It isapparent that as the solution flows from the dispensing openings, itwill saturate the curls and further the setting process. After asuitable period of time has elapsed after the application of the wavesetting solution, the hair is rinsed and a neutralizer, such as aperoxide or a bromate, is injected into the mandrel chambers. Theprocess is completed by a second rinsing and then drying. After the hairis dry, the mandrels ID are removed from the hair which is then ready tobe combed into the particular style in which it has been permanentlywaved. Thus, the step of styling the hair, which has been necessary inheretofore known permanent wave techniques, is completely eliminated.

Referring to Fig. 6, a modification of the invention illustrated inFigs. 1 and 2 is shown comprising a mandrel generally indicated at 50.The mandrel 50 is similar to the mandrel l0 and in- 4 cludes an uppercylindrical portion 52 and a lower cylindrical portion 54. Intermediatethe upper and lower portions 52, 54 and integral therewith is a reducedportion 56, concave in profile. An upper chamber 58 formed in the upperportion 52 communicates with a reduced lower chamber 60 which extendsthrough the portion 56 to the bottom-most end thereof. Dispensingopenings 62 are formed in the concave section for distributing a wavesetting solution and openings 62 and 64 are formed in the lower portion54 for receiving a tapered pin for securing the mandrel 5G in positionon the head. Flat gripping portions 65 are formed in the upper portion52 for gripping the mandrel during the winding operation. The concaveprofile of mandrel 50 is significant inasmuch as it enables relativelyshort hair to be wound thereon. As the short lengths of hair are woundon the concave section, the curl is tightly and progressively effected.It is apparent that by using the mandrel 5D, the strands of hair couldbe of very short length yet still receive a smooth and even curl.

Referring now to Figs. 7, 8 and 9, a modification of the holding meansfor the mandrel is illustrated. The mandrel shown in Figs. '7, 8 and 9is indicated generally at and is structurally similar to the mandrel I0illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. The modified holding means is shown asprongs l2 integrally formed on lower portion I6 and oppositely disposedthereon. The prongs 12, shown in Fig. 8, are formed with their hook endsdirected in a clockwise direction around the mandrel 10. Consequently,the mandrel ill illustrated in Fig. 8 is adapted to be utilized when awave is desired having a clockwise curl. The mandrel illustrated in Fig.9 is conversely adapted to be utilized when a wave is desired having acounter clockwise curl. The prongs 12, as illustrated on the mandrel 10,when effecting either of the two curls, are adapted to hook the baseends of the hair strands and thereby securely lock the mandrel 10 in avertical position on the head. The process of injecting the necessarysolution into the chambers formed in the upper mandrel portion foreffecting the permanent wave, is the same in the modificationsillustrated in Figs. 6 and '7, 8 and 9, as in Figs. 1 and 2.

It is apparent that the mandrels described hereinabove not only aid inthe permanent waving process by providin a metering chamber foraccommodation of the cold wave solutions employed, but are adapted tocurl the hair in the style desired, thereby eliminating the need forstyling after the hair has been permanently waved. Moreover, with theuse of the present invention, the inclination for the hair to be kinkyor fuzzy after the permanent wavin process, is obviated. The presentinvention not only contemplates the elimination of unnecessary time instyling the hair after the waving process, but also provides a hairwinding means that is simple to fabricate and easy to manipulate incarrying out the hair winding operation.

It will be obvious to thOse skilled in the art that various changes maybe made without departing from the spirit of the invention and thereforethe invention is not limited to what is shown in the drawings anddescribed in the specification but only as indicated in the appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:

1. An article for curling hair, comprising a mandrel, said mandrelincluding an upper cylindrical portion, an intermediate reduced portionintegral. with said upper portion, a solid lower cylindrical portionhaving the same diameter as said upper portion and formed integral withsaid intermediate portion, said upper portion being formed with solidwalls and having a liquid receiving chamber formed therein extendingsubstantially the length thereof, said chamber communicating with areduced chamber extending through said intermediate portion and down tosaid lower portion, said reduced chamber formed coaxial with the firstchamber, a plurality of dispensing openings disposed in saidintermediate portion communicating with said reduced chamber, andsecurin means formed as part of said lower portion and adapted to securesaid mandrel in the hair with the mandrel disposed in a verticalposition.

2. An article for curling hair as set forth in claim 1, wherein saidsecuring means comprises a pair of openings extending through said lowerportion formed at right angles to one another and adapted to receive atapered pin.

3. An article for curling hair, comprising a mandrel, said mandrelincluding an upper and a lower portion and an intermediate reducedportion formed integral therebetween, said intermediate reduced portionadapted to initially wind the hair thereon, said upper portion beingformed with solid walls and having a liquid receiving chamber formedtherein, a reduced second chamber formed in said intermediate portioncommunicating with the first chamber, a plurality of openings formed insaid intermediate portion communicating with said second chamber adaptedto dispense liquid therefrom, and securing means formed as part of saidlower portion adapted to secure said mandrel in a vertical position inthe hair.

4. An article for curling hair as set forth in claim 3, wherein saidsecuring means comprises a pair of openings extending throu h said lowerportion formed at right angles to one another and adapted to receive atapered pin.

5. In a hair curler, a curling mandrel comprising an upper cylindricalportion formed with solid walls and having a liquid receiving chamberformed therein extending substantially the length thereof, anintermediate reduced portion integral with said upper portion and havinga chamber formed therein communicating with the chamber in said upperportion and disposed coaxial therewith, said intermediate portion havinga plurality of dispensing openings formed in the walls thereof andcommunicating with the chamber therein, a solid lower cylindricalportion having the same diameter as said upper portion and formedintegral with said intermediate portion, said lower portion includinsecuring means for securing said mandrel in the hair in a verticalposition, and gripping means comprising flat portions formed on theupper part of said upper portion, said flat portions being adapted toenable the user to grip the mandrel when vertically securing saidmandrel in the hair.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 2,013,183 Lechler Sept. 3, 1935 2,404,517 Molchan July 23,1946 2,585,611 Zachary Feb. 12, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date248,114 Switzerland Jan. 3, 1948 943,850 France Oct. 11, 1948 981,693France Jan. 17, 1951 994,717 France Aug. 8, 1951

